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Astronomers

Observe, research, and interpret astronomical phenomena to increase basic knowledge or apply such information to practical problems.

SOC: 19-2011.00

Common Job Titles

  • Astronomer
  • Astronomy Outreach Coordinator
  • Astrophysicist
  • Research Astrophysicist

What You'll Need to Succeed

AI-generated

Key competencies for this occupation at a glance

  • KnowledgeAnalyze astronomical data from optical and radio telescopes, spectrometers, and imaging systems using advanced mathematical and statistical methods to identify patterns and phenomena.
  • KnowledgeSynthesize complex theoretical models of celestial phenomena integrating physics, mathematics, and computational simulations to advance fundamental knowledge.
  • KnowledgeDesign observational research programs and experimental methodologies aligning telescope time allocation, data collection strategies, and scientific objectives.
  • KnowledgeFormulate research questions and testable hypotheses about cosmic phenomena synthesizing existing literature with novel observational capabilities and theoretical frameworks.
  • KnowledgeEvaluate research findings and observational evidence to determine validity, significance, and compliance with scientific standards in peer review processes.
  • KnowledgeInterpret spectroscopic data and quantifiable characteristics of celestial objects applying knowledge of physics and chemistry to explain astronomical phenomena.
  • Hands-onOperate specialized astronomical instrumentation including CCD imagers, interferometers, and adaptive optics systems following established protocols in observatory and research laboratory environments.
  • KnowledgeCompose scientific publications, grant proposals, and technical reports communicating research findings to academic audiences and funding agencies with precision and clarity.
  • KnowledgeApply computational programming languages including Python, C++, FORTRAN, and IDL to develop data reduction pipelines, simulations, and analytical tools for large astronomical datasets.
  • MindsetEngage with interdisciplinary research teams and the broader scientific community through collaborative projects, conferences, and peer consultation to advance collective understanding.
  • MindsetAdvocate for scientific education and public understanding of astronomy through teaching, public presentations, and outreach initiatives.

Wage Data According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics

Annual wage data for Astronomers (2024)

Estimated Total Employment (U.S.)

1,560

Wage Distribution by Percentile

Line chart of annual wages by percentile. U.S. is the solid line. 10th percentile: U.S. $70,730. 25th percentile: U.S. $94,990. 50th percentile: U.S. $132,170. 75th percentile: U.S. $177,690. 90th percentile: U.S. $191,880. Use the left and right arrow keys to move between percentiles.

  • U.S.
MetricU.S.
10% of workers earn the following or less$70,730
10% of workers earn the following or more$191,880
Workers on average earn$134,430

+ indicates wage is at or above the BLS reporting cap ($239,200/year)

Skills & Requirements

Key competencies for this occupation, ranked by importance

  • Physics5.0/5
  • Mathematics4.9/5
  • Computers and Electronics4.2/5
  • English Language4.0/5
  • Education and Training3.4/5
Skills & Requirements: Knowledge

Tools & Technology

Equipment and software commonly used in this occupation

In-Demand Technology

Frequently requested by employers in job postings

  • Apache Hadoop
  • C++
  • IBM SPSS Statistics
  • Linux
  • Microsoft Excel
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Microsoft PowerPoint
  • Microsoft Word
  • Oracle Java
  • Python
  • R
  • SAS
  • Structured query language SQL
  • The MathWorks MATLAB

Technology Skills

  • Abstraction plus reference plus synthesis A++
  • Adaptive optics AO simulation software
  • Analyze
  • Astronomical Image Processing System AIPS
  • Astronomical Image Processing for Windows AIP4WIN
  • Astronomical information processing system AIPS++
  • Avis Fits Viewer
  • Data reduction software
Tools & Technology: Technology Skills

Tools & Equipment

  • Atomic absorption AA spectroscopes
  • Automated telescopes
  • Ball mills
  • Baseband recorders
  • Charge-coupled device CCD imagers
  • Cryostats
  • Desktop computers
  • Differential scanning calorimeters
Tools & Technology: Tools & Equipment